http://www.shmoop.com/birthmark/science-theme.html
this article talks about the time that Hawthorne wrote this story. It was when science was really starting to take a jump and people thought that science could solve all problems. By writing thus story some think Hawthorne tried to prove that science really does have its limitations.
In the story, Aylmer thought that all his experiments were successful, after a few days when they finally worked, but maybe his success wasn't due to his experiments, but just in the fact that it was over a span of days. Hawthorne adequately demonstrates that science can't solve every problem, when he fixes the birthmark, but also murders his wife.
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